The Etruscans were originally the only influence on the number of towns that were to eventually become the Roman Empire. Around 500 B.C. the Roman people overthrew its kings and established a republic. This was to be a volatile form of government for the next several centuries until its eventual end with Julius Caesar. Augustus then became the first Roman emperor in 27 BC and restored peace to a prior period of strife and unrest. Rome's success was established through a well disciplined and organized army. The Romans took pride in their military conquests and expanded their empire to become the dominant power in the Meditteranean region, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East
Architecture flourished in Rome with the building of the empire. Emperors built temples, stadiums, and many magnificent buildings to reflect Rome's strength and opulence. The Colosseum, built around 75 A.D., is perhaps the most famous example. A huge amphitheater with seating for 50,000 people, it was the center of entertainment in Rome. Decorative columns and arches surrounded this architectural wonder that managed to survive into modern times.
Prosperity flourished in Roman times because of the established systems of trade and coinage. From Egypt to Britain, from Spain to the Far East, people bartered and sold goods of crops, animals, jewelry, spices, textiles, and pottery. The most economical way to transport these goods was by ship through seas and rivers. However, the phenomenal growth of the Empire caused high demand in all areas as old cities grew and new ones were established.
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